Home Energy Improvements
Cost & Payback Compared

Smart zoned heating, insulation, solar PV, and heat pumps — compared by simple payback for large Victorian and Edwardian homes in Glasgow. ZoneWise case-study figures are verified from the home’s gas statements since 2019.

ZoneWise case-study figures are verified. The £965/yr annual saving and ~40% gas kWh reduction are drawn from the home’s gas statements since 2019 (16,207 kWh × 5.95p: 2025 against 2020, the last full year before installation). We quote a typical reduction of ~30%; the case-study home achieved more. All other figures are sourced from Energy Saving Trust, BEAMA, and UK installer market data 2025–26.
Solar PV
6–12 yrs
Comparable annual saving but several times longer to recover cost. Scotland yield is lower than the UK average.
Heat pump (ASHP)
7–18 yrs
Lower annual saving vs gas boiler, high install disruption, poor fit for solid-wall Victorian homes.
Solution Installed Cost Annual Saving Simple Payback Disruption Victorian Home Suitability Verdict
Smart Heating Controls
Smart Thermostat Only
Hive / Nest / tado° • single zone
£150–£350
incl. installation
£75–£200/yr
8–16% gas reduction
12–24 months
Very fast
Minimal — hours
Fully suitable Good starter
Insulation
Loft Insulation
Mineral wool, from scratch
ECO4 may apply
£300–£1,200
Free if ECO4 eligible
£150–£350/yr
2–4 yrs
Fast
Low — 1 day
Suitable if loft present High value
Cavity Wall Insulation
Injected beads / mineral wool
Not for Victorian homes
£600–£1,500
£200–£400/yr
3–6 yrs
Good
Moderate — drilling
⚠ Solid walls — cavity insulation not applicable to Victorian homes Inapplicable
Solid Wall Insulation
External or internal boarding
£8,000–£22,000
External typically £12k–£17k
£400–£600/yr
20–40 yrs
Very long
Major — weeks of work
⚠ Applicable but planning & conservation implications Poor ROI
Renewables & Boiler Replacement
Solar PV Panels
4–6 kW system, no battery
0% VAT to Mar 2027
£5,700–£12,000
+£3k–£5k for battery
£500–£900/yr
incl. SEG export payments
6–12 yrs
Moderate
Moderate — scaffolding
⚠ Roof aspect key; Scotland yield lower than England average Good long-term
Solar PV + Battery Storage
4–6 kW system + 4–5 kWh battery
0% VAT to Mar 2027
£9,000–£18,000
£700–£1,100/yr
11–16 yrs
Long
Significant
⚠ Scotland payback ~1–2 yrs longer than England Long payback
Air Source Heat Pump
Replacing gas boiler
£7,500 BUS grant available
£7,000–£14,000
Net £500–£6,500 after grant
£250–£400/yr
vs modern gas boiler
7–18 yrs
Long
Major — radiator upgrades likely, external unit required
⚠ Problematic — solid walls lose heat faster; oversized radiators often required in older homes Weak case here
Ground Source Heat Pump
Borehole or ground loop
£7,500 BUS grant available
£12,500–£20,000
Net after grant
£400–£600/yr
vs modern gas boiler
16–30 yrs
Very long
Extensive — garden excavation or borehole
⚠ Garden access required; same wall-loss problem as ASHP Very poor ROI
New Condensing Gas Boiler
Replacing old boiler only
£2,000–£4,500
£100–£350/yr
vs old G-rated boiler
8–20 yrs
Moderate–long
Moderate — 1–2 days
Suitable but gains low with a modern boiler already in place Marginal
Double / Triple Glazing
Full house replacement
£4,000–£12,000
Planning issues for Victorian fronts
£50–£110/yr
Heating contribution only
40–80 yrs
Extremely long
Significant
⚠ Listed building & conservation area restrictions common Very poor ROI
† Heat pump payback shown after £7,500 BUS grant; without grant, payback extends to 25–40 yrs at typical gas-boiler savings.  † Solar payback in Scotland is ~1–2 years longer than the UK average due to lower irradiance.  † Disruption scale: 1 dot = hours / minimal; 5 dots = weeks / major structural work.  † ZoneWise case-study saving (£965/yr) = 16,207 kWh × 5.95p (2025 against 2020; system installed late 2021); verified from the home’s gas statements.  † Sources: Energy Saving Trust, BEAMA / Salford University 2021, Drayton Wiser published data, FMB, Carbon Brief, Ofgem Q1 2026.